City
Every city and town works as a system with inextricable links between the key components of consumption and production – energy, waste, water, public space, green infrastructure, transport and the location of homes, schools, healthcare, shops and businesses.
Sound partnerships are essential for the implementation of holistic, local authority-wide approaches to climate change - and to enable effective responses to environmental, economic and social challenges in the future. Ultimately, integrated working will be more likely to result in an improved quality of life for residents, greater economic resilience and adaptation to climate change.
Spatial planning and Local Development Frameworks are key to delivery of strategic climate change and sustainability objectives. The new Comprehensive Area Assessment includes appraisal of performance on tackling climate change. The Nottingham Declaration on Climate Change website provides advice on achieving good performance in delivery of the 3 national indicators on climate change – and most local authorities have adopted at least 1 of these in their Local Area Agreement.
Strategic working across council service delivery areas facilitates the development of win-win strategies which not only deliver on the climate change indicators - but also maximise the resilience and sustainability of places. Examples include:
Increasing use of public transport, walking and cycling and reducing car use can contribute to:
- reducing CO2 emissions from local authority operations (NI 185)
- reducing CO2 emissions from the local authority area (NI 186)
- tackling obesity in children (NI 055 and 056)
- reducing the number of people killed or injured in road traffic accidents (NI 47)
- reducing the negative effects of congestion (NI 167)
- Air quality – % reduction in NOx and primary PM10 emissions through local authority’s estate and operations (NI 194)
Increasing the insulation of existing homes can contribute to
- reducing CO2 emissions from the local authority area (NI 186)
- tackling fuel poverty (NI 187)
Opportunities for council wide initiatives to embed climate change and sustainability actions in policy include:
- Local Development Framework – core strategy
- Other development plan documents
- Supplementary planning documents
- Local and Multi Area Agreements
- Signing and implementing the Nottingham Declaration on Climate Change
Guidance on doing this is available from:
- The Carbon Trust
- Sustainable Development Commission
- Improvement and Development Agency for local government
- Planning Advisory Service
- Homes and Communities Agency
- Energy Saving Trust
- Nottingham Declaration on Climate Change
Working across the scale of a city can be found in the following options
Energy
- Using thermal masterplanning for an integrated approach
- Establishing local energy supply /CHP networks
- Collecting wood fuel
- Choosing low-energy lifestyles
- Creating new patterns of ownership (ESCOs and MUSCOs)
- Valuing reduced energy demand
- Choosing low carbon and renewable technologies
- Using wind power
- Future-proofing energy demands
- Powering transport with fuel cells
- Improving the energy performance of existing homes
- Thinking differently - the energy hierarchy
Waste
- Choosing waste to energy technologies
- Reconciling waste to energy with recycling
- Using spatial waste planning
- Planning a project waste strategy
- Re-circulating materials between construction sites
Water
- Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS)
- Preserving wetlands and habitats
- Using green infrastructure to alleviate flood risk
- Developing water cycle strategies
- Introducing water demand management
- Separating sewers
- Establishing surface water management plans
- Planning for sustainable water use and management
Transport
- Reducing emissions from freight
- Managing traffic
- ‘Smarter choice’ soft measures
- Controlling parking
- Improving street design and layout
- Co-ordinating urban and transport planning
- Developing city scale sustainable transport opportunities
- Implementing road pricing and charging
- Integrating transport
Green Infrastructure
- Developing a tree strategy
- Considering urban food production
- Protecting established habitats
- Developing an urban heat island strategy
- Developing a green infrastructure strategy
- Being aware of brownfield habitats
- Setting local area agreement targets

